relatively greater increase in wall thickness with small cavities) or eccentric (i.e. As shown in Figure 1, the change in geometry can be either concentric (i.e. Both pressure and volume overload initially change chamber morphometry. Volume overload caused by mitral or aortic insufficiency results in increase in ventricular dimension. Pathological stimuli, such as pressure overload in response to arterial hypertension or aortic stenosis, initially activate an adaptive increase in mass to compensate for the increase in workload. 1 Cardiac hypertrophy is defined as an increase in heart muscle mass with changes in cardiac geometry. In general, cardiac hypertrophy is used as a prognostic indicator for heart disease and heart failure, but a well-accepted exception to this paradigm is exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy, sometimes referred to as athlete's heart. The comparisons of these settings of cardiac hypertrophy provide insight into pregnancy-associated cardiac adaptation. We also compare and contrast cardiac adaptation in response to disease, exercise, and pregnancy. In addition, this review describes the signalling pathways responsible for pregnancy-induced cardiac hypertrophy and angiogenesis. This review provides an overview of the cardiac consequences of pregnancy, including haemodynamic, functional, structural, and morphological adaptations, as well as molecular phenotypes. To understand how pregnancy can cause heart disease, it is first important to understand cardiac adaptation during normal pregnancy. Peripartum cardiomyopathy is the leading cause of non-obstetric mortality during pregnancy. In some cases, however, pregnancy can induce adverse cardiac events in previously healthy women without any known cardiovascular disease. Despite the fact that there are shared transcriptional responses in both forms of cardiac adaptation, pregnancy results in a distinct signature of gene expression in the heart. Both pregnancy- and exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy are generally thought to be similar and physiological. Cardiac hypertrophy occurs during pregnancy as a consequence of both volume overload and hormonal changes.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply.AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |